Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCs) are responsible for ensuring the safe and efficient movement of air traffic within the global air traffic control system. Typically based in air traffic control centers and control towers, they monitor aircraft positions, speeds, and altitudes by using visual observation and radar. Also, they communicate instructions to pilots via radio.

Controllers use separation rules to maintain safe distances between aircraft within their designated airspace and manage the flow of aircraft both in the sky and on the ground. Due to the high level of responsibility and the need for real-time decision-making, the Air Traffic Control (ATC) profession is widely recognized as one of the most mentally demanding and stressful skills. ATCs faces several challenges depending on various factors such as equipment, configurations, weather, traffic volume, traffic type, special activities, governmental actions, and human factors.

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